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WAVEFORMATEX

WAVEFORMATEX defines the format of waveform-audio data. Only format information common to all waveform-audio data formats is included in this structure. For formats requiring additional information, this structure is included as the first member in another structure, along with the additional information.

typedef struct WAVEFORMATEX
{
    WORD    wFormatTag;
    WORD    nChannels;
    DWORD   nSamplesPerSec;
    DWORD   nAvgBytesPerSec;
    WORD    nBlockAlign;
    WORD    wBitsPerSample;
    WORD    cbSize;
} WAVEFORMATEX;

Members

wFormatTag

Waveform-audio format type. Format tags are registered with Microsoft Corporation for many compression algorithms. A complete list of format tags is located in the Mmsystem.h header file.

nChannels

Number of channels in the waveform-audio data. Monaural data uses one channel and stereo data uses two channels.

nSamplesPerSec

Sample rate, in samples per second (hertz) at which each channel should be played or recorded. If wFormatTag is WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, common values for nSamplesPerSec are 8.0 kHz, 11.025 kHz, 22.05 kHz, and 44.1 kHz. For non-PCM formats, this member must be computed according to the manufacturer's specification of the format tag.

nAvgBytesPerSec

Required average data-transfer rate, in bytes per second, for the format tag. If wFormatTag is WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, nAvgBytesPerSec should be equal to the product of nSamplesPerSec and nBlockAlign. For non-PCM formats, this member must be computed according to the manufacturer's specification of the format tag.

Playback and record software can estimate buffer sizes using the nAvgBytesPerSec member.

nBlockAlign

Block alignment, in bytes. The block alignment is the minimum atomic unit of data for the wFormatTag format type. If wFormatTag is WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, nBlockAlign should be equal to the product of nChannels and wBitsPerSample divided by 8 (bits per byte). For non-PCM formats, this member must be computed according to the manufacturer's specification of the format tag.

Playback and record software must process a multiple of nBlockAlign bytes of data at a time. Data written and read from a device must always start at the beginning of a block. For example, it is illegal to start playback of PCM data in the middle of a sample (that is, on a non-block-aligned boundary).

wBitsPerSample

Bits per sample for the wFormatTag format type. If wFormatTag is WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, wBitsPerSample should be equal to 8 or 16. For non-PCM formats, this member must be set according to the manufacturer's specification of the format tag. Note that some compression schemes cannot define a value for wBitsPerSample, so this member can be zero.

cbSize

Size, in bytes, of extra format information appended to the end of the WAVEFORMATEX structure. This information can be used by non-PCM formats to store extra attributes for the wFormatTag. If no extra information is required by the wFormatTag, this member must be set to zero. For WAVE_FORMAT_PCM formats only, this member is ignored.